Updated January 2026

Market Intelligence

Data-driven insights, hiring playbooks, and workforce strategies for Infrastructure and Energy sectors.

UK-focused intelligence with global perspectives. Fact-checked statistics from industry-leading sources.

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1

Nuclear Workforce

Skills gaps, hiring trends & the race to 120,000

96,000
Current UK nuclear workforce (2024)
↑ 7,000 from 2023
120,000
Workers needed by 2030
91%
Employers facing hiring difficulties
39%
Workers aged 50+

The UK Nuclear Renaissance

The UK nuclear sector is experiencing unprecedented growth, with the workforce reaching a record 96,000 people in April 2024—an increase of 7,000 from the previous year. Civil nuclear employment alone has risen by 35% between 2021 and 2024, driven by ambitious new build programmes, decommissioning projects, and renewed defence commitments.

However, this growth comes with a critical challenge: the sector needs an additional 24,000 skilled workers by 2030 to meet demand from Hinkley Point C, Sizewell C, defence projects, and the extensive decommissioning programme.

Critical Challenges

Ageing Workforce

Nearly 39% of engineering construction workers are aged 50+. Some decommissioning sites report one-third of their workforce could retire within a decade.

Security Clearance Bottlenecks

ONR's SQEP requirements and security clearances add significant time to recruitment. Vetting processes can take 6-12 months for sensitive roles.

Cross-Sector Competition

Defence nuclear, civil new builds, and decommissioning all compete for the same scarce talent in engineering, safety, and project management.

High-Demand Roles

Nuclear Safety EngineersCritical
Reactor PhysicistsCritical
Health PhysicistsHigh
Radiological Protection AdvisersCritical
Mechanical EngineersHigh
Electrical EngineersHigh
Control & InstrumentationHigh
Project ManagersHigh
Welders & PipefittersCritical

Global Perspective

🇬🇧

United Kingdom

Current workforce96,000
Needed by 2030120,000
Annual hiring target~5,000
🇫🇷

France

Current workforce247,000
New recruits by 2033100,000
Annual hiring target10-15,000
🇺🇸

United States

Current workforce67,900
Additional by 203055,000
By 2050375,000

UK Government & Industry Response

Nuclear Skills Taskforce

Launched August 2023, bringing together government, industry, and academia to plan for civil and defence nuclear workforce expansion. Targeting doubled graduate intake by 2025-26.

Record Apprenticeships

Over 1,100 new apprentices and graduates joined the sector in the year ending April 2024. Cross-sector retraining from oil & gas, aerospace, and defence is accelerating.

ECITB Workforce Forecast

Engineering Construction Industry Training Board projects the ECI workforce in nuclear to grow from 35,900 (2025) to 46,000 by 2030—a 29% increase.

Diversity Push

Women now make up 22% of the workforce (up from previous years), with targeted initiatives to improve representation across all demographics.

Looking for Talent?

BSR Group specialises in placing professionals across the UK's most critical infrastructure and energy projects. We connect exceptional talent with industry-leading opportunities.

Sources:

  • Nuclear Industry Association - 2024 Nuclear Workforce Assessment
  • ECITB - Engineering Construction Industry Workforce Report 2025
  • World Nuclear News - UK Nuclear Workforce Analysis
  • Department of Energy - US Nuclear Workforce Trends 2025
  • SFEN - French Nuclear Industry Report 2025
2

Legal Hiring

£51.9bn market insights & talent strategies

£51.9bn
UK legal services market value (2024)
↑ 10.1% YoY
14.2%
Rise in legal vacancies (2024)
75%
Firms struggling to recruit
£150k
Top NQ salaries (Magic Circle)

A Market in Transformation

The UK legal sector reached £51.9 billion in 2024, growing over 10% year-on-year with further 8% growth projected for 2025. Despite this expansion, the market faces significant hiring challenges, with 75% of law firms and in-house teams reporting difficulty finding qualified staff.

The number of practising solicitors has risen by 14% over five years, even as firm numbers decreased by roughly 1,100—signalling significant consolidation and growth in larger practices and in-house legal teams.

Vacancy Hotspots

Practice Areas with Strongest Growth

Employment Law
Regulatory changes driving demand
+33.6%
Banking & Finance (Midlands)
Regional expansion of financial services
+20%+
In-house Banking
Corporate legal team expansion
+47%
Private Practice
Overall market growth
+25%
Data Protection & AI
Emerging regulatory landscape
High

Regional Dynamics

The share of legal vacancies outside London continues to grow, with regions like the North West and Yorkshire & the Humber leading employment law vacancy growth.

Trainee Retention Rates
75-92%
Among firms publishing retention data

Mid-tier and regional firms are strongly retaining their trainees, competing effectively with City practices through work-life balance and faster progression.

Salary Landscape 2025-26

Magic Circle NQ
£125-150k
Linklaters raised to £150k in 2025
US Firms (London)
£150-180k+
Leading the salary race
Regional NQ
£45-65k
Better work-life balance trade-off

Key trend: Salary compression between junior and senior ranks is emerging as not all firms can match City rates, creating retention challenges.

AI & Technology Transformation

90%+ Adoption Rate

A large majority of UK law firms are integrating AI or legal technology for document automation, contract review, and workflow efficiencies.

Fee Structure Shift

54% of firms expect to use more fixed-fee or value-based pricing models, moving away from traditional billable hours.

Restructuring Impact

Major firms like Clifford Chance have cut ~10% of London business services staff as AI takes over support functions.

Skills for the AI Era

  • Commercial awareness & business acumen
  • Technology fluency & AI prompt engineering
  • Data protection & AI regulation expertise
  • ESG & sustainability advisory
  • Complex dispute resolution
  • Client relationship management

Recruitment Challenges

Salary Expectations

52% of firms cite aligning salary expectations as their primary recruitment challenge. The gap between candidate expectations and budget continues to widen.

Skills Mismatch

43% struggle to find candidates with appropriate skills. The SQE transition has created uncertainty about qualification standards.

Gender Imbalance

Despite progress, men filled 80% of senior corporate/finance partner roles from 2019-2024. Female partners remain underrepresented in key revenue-generating departments.

2025-26 Outlook

Growth Areas

  • • Data protection & AI regulation
  • • ESG & sustainability advisory
  • • Employment law (post-regulatory changes)
  • • Dispute resolution & litigation
  • • Private capital & M&A

Retention Strategies

  • • Flexible and hybrid working policies
  • • Transparent career progression pathways
  • • Enhanced wellbeing programmes
  • • Competitive, benchmarked compensation
  • • Investment in L&D and technology training

Legal Recruitment Expertise

From newly qualified solicitors to partner-level appointments, BSR Group connects leading law firms and in-house teams with exceptional legal talent across all practice areas.

Sources:

  • Vacancysoft - UK Legal Labour Market Trends 2025
  • Legal Futures - Law Firm Recruitment Survey 2025
  • The Law Society - Industry Trends Report
  • Financial Times - Legal Sector Analysis
  • Origin Legal - Regional Market Reports
3

Workforce Optimisation

AI, productivity & the future of work

51%
Firms investing more in AI than hiring
600k
Workers at risk without health support
29.3%
Say reskilling is top HR challenge
40%
UK workers in hybrid roles

The Productivity Imperative

UK organisations face a pivotal moment. With 51% of employers expecting to invest more in AI than hiring in 2025-26, the traditional approach to workforce management is being fundamentally reimagined. Rising labour costs, changes to National Insurance, and living wage thresholds are accelerating the shift toward automation and optimisation.

Yet technology alone isn't the answer. The Royal Society for Public Health warns that without better health support at work, up to 600,000 additional workers could leave the workforce over the next decade through illness-related inactivity.

Proven Optimisation Strategies

AI & Task Augmentation

Automating repetitive, low-value tasks while freeing human labour for strategic and creative work that AI cannot replicate.

Reduces burnout, boosts output

Advanced Labour Forecasting

Using predictive analytics to forecast demand based on sales cycles, seasonality, and external events—adjusting staffing in real-time.

Minimises over/under-staffing

Continuous Reskilling

Creating training programmes for digital and non-automatable skills through mentorship, rotational assignments, and leadership development.

Future-proofs workforce

Proactive Wellbeing

Integrated wellbeing programmes addressing mental health, ergonomics, and early intervention—not as add-ons but core operations.

Reduces absence & turnover

Outcome-Based Metrics

Moving from hours-worked to outputs-delivered using SMART goals, performance dashboards, and human-AI collaboration measures.

Aligns rewards with value

Flexible Talent Ecosystems

Combining full-time, part-time, contract, and gig workers with skills-first hiring rather than credentials alone.

Provides agility at scale

The Reskilling Challenge

A 2025 SD Worx survey found that 29.3% of UK employers identified reskilling and upskilling as their top HR challenge—surpassing even wellbeing and talent acquisition.

With studies showing 26% of large private sector firms planning staffing reductions due to AI in the next 12 months, particularly in junior, administrative, and managerial roles, the need for strategic workforce planning has never been greater.

26%
of large firms planning AI-related staff reductions

Priority Skill Categories

Digital & AI Literacy95%
Data Analysis88%
Critical Thinking82%
Emotional Intelligence78%
Change Management75%
Project Management72%

The Hybrid Reality

40%
of UK workers now in hybrid roles
50%+
of 2026 hires expected to be international
4-day
week pilots showing productivity gains

Remote and hybrid working is no longer a perk but an expectation. Organisations are consolidating collaboration tools and digital communication platforms to support increasingly distributed teams while maintaining culture and productivity.

Implementation Framework

1

Audit

Map skills gaps, over/under-utilisation, and demand patterns across your workforce.

2

Strategise

Develop integrated wellbeing, technology, and talent strategies aligned to business goals.

3

Implement

Deploy flexible workforce models, AI augmentation, and continuous learning programmes.

4

Measure

Use productivity dashboards and feedback loops to continuously adjust and improve.

Optimise Your Workforce

BSR Group helps organisations build high-performing, future-ready teams through strategic workforce planning, talent optimisation, and flexible staffing solutions.

Sources:

  • World Economic Forum - Future of Jobs Report 2025
  • SD Worx - UK HR Trends Survey 2025
  • Royal Society for Public Health - Workplace Health Report
  • Financial Times - UK Automation & AI Analysis
  • CIPD - People Management Trends
4

Compliance & Payroll

IR35, NICs & regulatory changes 2025-26

15%
New employer NIC rate (Apr 2025)
↑ from 13.8%
£12.21
National Living Wage (21+)
↑ from Apr 2025
Apr 2026
Real-time benefits reporting mandatory
£5,000
New NIC secondary threshold
↓ from £9,100

Navigating Regulatory Change

2025-26 brings significant changes to UK payroll and compliance requirements. From increased National Insurance contributions to new umbrella company regulations, employers must adapt their systems and processes to remain compliant while managing rising labour costs.

The IR35 off-payroll working rules are also evolving, with new company size thresholds potentially shifting responsibility for status determinations. Understanding these changes is critical for both employers and contractors.

Key Dates & Changes

6 April 2025
Employer NIC Increases
Rate rises from 13.8% to 15%. Secondary threshold drops from £9,100 to £5,000 per year, meaning more earnings incur employer NIC.
April 2025
National Living Wage Rises
NLW for 21+ increases to £12.21/hour. Ages 18-20: £10.00/hour. Ages 16-17: £7.55/hour.
6 April 2025
Company Size Thresholds Change
Small company thresholds increase: Turnover up to £15m (from £10.2m), Balance sheet up to £7.5m (from £5.1m). Affects IR35 responsibilities.
6 April 2026
Umbrella Company PAYE Rules
New rules requiring agencies and end clients to ensure PAYE deductions are properly made by umbrella companies.
April 2026
Real-Time Benefits Reporting
Most taxable benefits (company cars, private medical) must be payrolled in real-time instead of end-of-year P11D forms.

Understanding the NIC Impact

📉Before (Until 5 April 2025)

Employer NIC Rate13.8%
Secondary Threshold£9,100/year
Per month£758/month

📈After (From 6 April 2025)

Employer NIC Rate15%
Secondary Threshold£5,000/year
Per month£417/month

Impact Example: For an employee earning £30,000, employer NIC will increase from approximately £2,884 to £3,750 per year—an additional cost of £866 per employee.

IR35 Off-Payroll Working Changes

New Size Thresholds

The Companies Act 2006 small company thresholds have increased from 6 April 2025:

  • • Turnover: up to £15 million (was £10.2m)
  • • Balance sheet: up to £7.5 million (was £5.1m)
  • • Employee count: remains max 50

What This Means

  • More organisations will qualify as "small" for IR35 purposes
  • For small clients, IR35 responsibility shifts to the contractor's PSC
  • Practical effect from April 2026-27 depending on financial year-end

Compliance Checklist

🏢For Employers

  • Review company size classification
  • Update payroll systems for new NIC rates
  • Prepare for real-time benefits reporting
  • Audit umbrella company arrangements
  • Review IR35 determinations

👤For Contractors

  • Check if clients become "small" under new thresholds
  • Prepare for potential IR35 responsibility shift
  • Review umbrella company contracts
  • Assess impact on take-home pay
  • Update contract pricing if needed

For Agencies

  • Understand new umbrella company liability
  • Ensure compliant PAYE deductions
  • Update supply chain contracts
  • Clarify responsibilities in writing
  • Monitor HMRC guidance updates

National Minimum/Living Wage Rates (April 2025)

Age GroupHourly RateWeekly (40hrs)Annual
21 and over (NLW)£12.21£488.40£25,397
18-20£10.00£400.00£20,800
16-17£7.55£302.00£15,704
Apprentice Rate£7.55£302.00£15,704

Compliance Support

Stay ahead of regulatory changes with BSR Group's compliant workforce solutions. We ensure your contingent workforce arrangements meet all legal and tax requirements.

Sources:

  • HMRC - PAYE and National Insurance Guidance 2025
  • GOV.UK - Off-Payroll Working Rules
  • ICAEW - IR35 Threshold Changes Analysis
  • CIPP - Payroll Compliance Updates
  • Accounting Web - Payroll Professional Guidance
5

Hiring Strategy

Skills-first hiring & global talent trends

80%+
TA leaders planning more AI in 2026
50%+
2026 hires expected to be international
Skills
First hiring replacing credentials
Purpose
Now core to employer brand

The New Rules of Talent Acquisition

Hiring strategy in 2025-26 is being fundamentally reshaped by AI adoption, global talent pools, and shifting candidate expectations. With over 80% of talent acquisition leaders planning to leverage AI more extensively in 2026, organisations must balance efficiency gains with maintaining the human elements that attract top talent.

UK companies anticipate over half of new hires in 2026 being international—driven by local talent shortages and remote/hybrid expectations. This globalisation of hiring brings both opportunity and complexity in compliance and culture.

Strategic Pillars for 2025-26

Technology

AI-Powered Recruitment

Moving from pilot to core infrastructure. Use AI for screening, scheduling, retention prediction, and compensation benchmarking—but maintain human checkpoints for fairness.

Methodology

Skills-First Hiring

De-emphasise formal degrees. Focus on competencies, evidence, and micro-credentials—especially for AI, green tech, and emerging sector roles.

Experience

Candidate Experience

Speed, transparency, and personalisation are table stakes. Simple applications, responsive communication, and clear employer branding are essential.

Reach

Global Talent Strategy

Build distributed workforces with clear hybrid policies. Partner with EOR providers for compliance. Embrace flexibility as the norm, not exception.

Development

Internal Mobility

Build talent pipelines from within through development programmes, apprenticeships, and project rotations. Don't just hire—grow your people.

Brand

Purpose-Driven EVP

ESG, sustainability, and social impact are now decisive for candidates. Authentically communicate your values and walk the talk.

Embedding DEI Throughout Hiring

Diversity, equity, and inclusion must be woven throughout the entire hiring process—not treated as a separate initiative. Leading organisations are implementing:

  • Accessible, inclusive job descriptions free from bias
  • Blind screening to reduce unconscious bias
  • Diverse interview panels for every stage
  • Algorithmic bias auditing in AI tools
  • Diverse shortlist benchmarks (e.g., 50% minimum)
  • Skills-based assessments over pedigree

The Business Case

35%
higher performance in diverse teams
2.5x
higher cash flow per employee
70%
more likely to capture new markets

AI Governance in Recruitment

As AI becomes central to hiring, organisations need clear governance frameworks to balance efficiency with fairness and transparency.

Transparency

Choose tools with built-in explainability. Candidates should understand how decisions are made.

Fairness Audits

Regularly test for bias across protected characteristics. Monitor outcomes by demographic groups.

Human Oversight

Define which decisions require human review. Critical hiring choices should never be fully automated.

Navigating Global Hiring

Opportunities

  • +Access to global talent pools addressing local shortages
  • +Remote-first roles easier to fill across borders
  • +24/7 coverage through distributed teams
  • +Cost optimisation in high-competition markets

Compliance Risks

  • !Employment law varies significantly by jurisdiction
  • !Tax and social security obligations differ
  • !Worker misclassification can cost £10k+ per case
  • !Visa and immigration requirements are complex

Recommendation: Partner with local employment lawyers and Employer of Record (EOR) providers. Assess visa, tax, and labour law constraints before hiring abroad.

UK Regulatory Context

Employment Rights Act 2025

  • • Ban on exploitative zero-hour contracts
  • • Restrictions on "fire and rehire" practices
  • • Enhanced day-one rights for workers
  • • Strengthened tribunal enforcement

Immigration Controls

  • • New "Restoring Control" White Paper impacts
  • • Tighter skilled worker visa requirements
  • • Salary threshold increases for sponsorship
  • • Enhanced right-to-work documentation

Action Framework

Audit Current Practices

Review job descriptions, candidate journey, and entry-level hiring ratios.

Develop AI Governance

Clarify human oversight, bias monitoring, and transparency standards.

Define Skills Taxonomy

Create core skills per role with observable behaviours and assessment rubrics.

Strengthen Employer Brand

Align leadership messaging on culture, values, and flexible working.

Build Internal Marketplace

Enable employees to see paths, access training, and move between roles.

Ensure Global Compliance

Partner with experts for international hiring, visas, and employment law.

Transform Your Hiring Strategy

BSR Group partners with organisations to build modern, compliant, and effective hiring strategies. From executive search to large-scale deployment, we deliver talent solutions that work.

Sources:

  • Korn Ferry - Talent Acquisition Trends 2026
  • World Economic Forum - Future of Jobs Report 2025
  • Workday - Hiring Strategy Research
  • HR Review - Global Hiring Trends
  • GOV.UK - Employment Rights Act 2025

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